Kamchatka has a large bear population, and there are specific behavioral rules and defensive measures to follow when encountering bears. Since the bear is believed to understand human language, the Koryaks use alternative terms when referring to him. It is also forbidden to speak disrespectfully about the bear, as he may seek revenge – something that often happens if it is merely wounded. To avoid startling a bear during sudden close encounters – which could provoke an aggressive reaction – women often sing special songs while gathering in the tundra. For various reasons, bear meat is generally not considered a preferred food. However, it does serve as a supplementary source of nutrition, especially when prepared in a healthy and tasty way. Bear festivals among the Koryaks were not as elaborate as those of the Tungusic peoples (such as the Even), but rather took place within the context of traditional reconciliation rituals with nature.

Photo: Steffen Bohl